Object segmentations with FastSAM and OpenVINO¶

This Jupyter notebook can be launched on-line, opening an interactive environment in a browser window. You can also make a local installation. Choose one of the following options:

The Fast Segment Anything Model (FastSAM) is a real-time CNN-based model that can segment any object within an image based on various user prompts. Segment Anything task is designed to make vision tasks easier by providing an efficient way to identify objects in an image. FastSAM significantly reduces computational demands while maintaining competitive performance, making it a practical choice for a variety of vision tasks.

FastSAM is a model that aims to overcome the limitations of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), which is a Transformer model that requires significant computational resources. FastSAM tackles the segment anything task by dividing it into two consecutive stages: all-instance segmentation and prompt-guided selection.

In the first stage, YOLOv8-seg is used to produce segmentation masks for all instances in the image. In the second stage, FastSAM outputs the region-of-interest corresponding to the prompt.

pipeline¶

Table of contents:¶

Prerequisites
- Install requirements
- Imports
FastSAM in Ultralytics
Convert the model to OpenVINO Intermediate representation (IR) format
Embedding the converted models into the original pipeline
- Select inference device
- Adapt OpenVINO models to the original pipeline
Optimize the model using NNCF Post-training Quantization API
- Compare the performance of the Original and Quantized Models
Try out the converted pipeline

Prerequisites¶

Install requirements¶

%pip install -q "ultralytics==8.0.200" onnx --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
%pip install -q "openvino-dev>=2024.0.0"
%pip install -q "nncf>=2.6.0"
%pip install -q "gradio>=4.13"

DEPRECATION: pytorch-lightning 1.6.5 has a non-standard dependency specifier torch>=1.8.*. pip 24.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to upgrade to a newer version of pytorch-lightning or contact the author to suggest that they release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12063

Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

DEPRECATION: pytorch-lightning 1.6.5 has a non-standard dependency specifier torch>=1.8.*. pip 24.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to upgrade to a newer version of pytorch-lightning or contact the author to suggest that they release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12063

Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

DEPRECATION: pytorch-lightning 1.6.5 has a non-standard dependency specifier torch>=1.8.*. pip 24.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to upgrade to a newer version of pytorch-lightning or contact the author to suggest that they release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12063

Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

DEPRECATION: pytorch-lightning 1.6.5 has a non-standard dependency specifier torch>=1.8.*. pip 24.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to upgrade to a newer version of pytorch-lightning or contact the author to suggest that they release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/12063

Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

Imports¶

import ipywidgets as widgets
from pathlib import Path

import openvino as ov
import torch
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
from ultralytics import FastSAM

import urllib.request
# Fetch skip_kernel_extension module
urllib.request.urlretrieve(
    url='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openvinotoolkit/openvino_notebooks/main/notebooks/utils/skip_kernel_extension.py',
    filename='skip_kernel_extension.py'
)
# Fetch `notebook_utils` module
urllib.request.urlretrieve(
    url='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openvinotoolkit/openvino_notebooks/main/notebooks/utils/notebook_utils.py',
    filename='notebook_utils.py'
)
from notebook_utils import download_file
%load_ext skip_kernel_extension

FastSAM in Ultralytics¶

To work with Fast Segment Anything Model by CASIA-IVA-Lab, we will use the Ultralytics package. Ultralytics package exposes the FastSAM class, simplifying the model instantiation and weights loading. The code below demonstrates how to initialize a FastSAM model and generate a segmentation map.

model_name = "FastSAM-x"
model = FastSAM(model_name)

# Run inference on an image
image_uri = "https://storage.openvinotoolkit.org/repositories/openvino_notebooks/data/data/image/coco_bike.jpg"
image_uri = download_file(image_uri)
results = model(image_uri, device="cpu", retina_masks=True, imgsz=1024, conf=0.6, iou=0.9)

Downloading https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v0.0.0/FastSAM-x.pt to 'FastSAM-x.pt'...

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image 1/1 /opt/home/k8sworker/ci-ai/cibuilds/ov-notebook/OVNotebookOps-632/.workspace/scm/ov-notebook/notebooks/261-fast-segment-anything/coco_bike.jpg: 768x1024 37 objects, 617.2ms

Speed: 3.0ms preprocess, 617.2ms inference, 27.3ms postprocess per image at shape (1, 3, 768, 1024)

The model returns segmentation maps for all the objects on the image. Observe the results below.

Image.fromarray(results[0].plot()[..., ::-1])

../_images/261-fast-segment-anything-with-output_9_0.png

Convert the model to OpenVINO Intermediate representation (IR) format¶

The Ultralytics Model export API enables conversion of PyTorch models to OpenVINO IR format. Under the hood it utilizes the openvino.convert_model method to acquire OpenVINO IR versions of the models. The method requires a model object and example input for model tracing. The FastSAM model itself is based on YOLOv8 model.

# instance segmentation model
ov_model_path = Path(f"{model_name}_openvino_model/{model_name}.xml")
if not ov_model_path.exists():
    ov_model = model.export(format="openvino", dynamic=True, half=False)

Ultralytics YOLOv8.0.200 🚀 Python-3.8.10 torch-2.2.1+cpu CPU (Intel Core(TM) i9-10920X 3.50GHz)

PyTorch: starting from 'FastSAM-x.pt' with input shape (1, 3, 1024, 1024) BCHW and output shape(s) ((1, 37, 21504), (1, 32, 256, 256)) (138.2 MB)

ONNX: starting export with onnx 1.15.0 opset 17...

ONNX: export success ✅ 3.6s, saved as 'FastSAM-x.onnx' (275.5 MB)

OpenVINO: starting export with openvino 2024.0.0-14509-34caeefd078-releases/2024/0...

OpenVINO: export success ✅ 1.0s, saved as 'FastSAM-x_openvino_model/' (275.9 MB)

Export complete (7.6s)
Results saved to /opt/home/k8sworker/ci-ai/cibuilds/ov-notebook/OVNotebookOps-632/.workspace/scm/ov-notebook/notebooks/261-fast-segment-anything
Predict:         yolo predict task=segment model=FastSAM-x_openvino_model imgsz=1024
Validate:        yolo val task=segment model=FastSAM-x_openvino_model imgsz=1024 data=ultralytics/datasets/sa.yaml
Visualize:       https://netron.app

Embedding the converted models into the original pipeline¶

OpenVINO™ Runtime Python API is used to compile the model in OpenVINO IR format. The Core class provides access to the OpenVINO Runtime API. The core object, which is an instance of the Core class represents the API and it is used to compile the model.

core = ov.Core()

Select inference device¶

Select device that will be used to do models inference using OpenVINO from the dropdown list:

device = widgets.Dropdown(
    options=core.available_devices + ["AUTO"],
    value="AUTO",
    description="Device:",
    disabled=False,
)

device

Dropdown(description='Device:', index=1, options=('CPU', 'AUTO'), value='AUTO')

Here we create wrapper classes for the OpenVINO model that we want to embed in the original inference pipeline. Here are some of the things to consider when adapting an OV model: - Make sure that parameters passed by the original pipeline are forwarded to the compiled OV model properly; sometimes the OV model uses only a portion of the input arguments and some are ignored, sometimes you need to convert the argument to another data type or unwrap some data structures such as tuples or dictionaries. - Guarantee that the wrapper class returns results to the pipeline in an expected format. In the example below you can see how we pack OV model outputs into a tuple of torch tensors. - Pay attention to the model method used in the original pipeline for calling the model - it may be not the forward method! In this example, the model is a part of a predictor object and called as and object, so we need to redefine the magic __call__ method.

class OVWrapper:
    def __init__(self, ov_model, device="CPU", stride=32) -> None:
        self.model = core.compile_model(ov_model, device_name=device)

        self.stride = stride
        self.pt = True
        self.fp16 = False
        self.names = {0: "object"}

    def __call__(self, im, **_):
        result = self.model(im)
        return torch.from_numpy(result[0]), torch.from_numpy(result[1])

Now we initialize the wrapper objects and load them to the FastSAM pipeline.

wrapped_model = OVWrapper(ov_model_path, device=device.value, stride=model.predictor.model.stride)
model.predictor.model = wrapped_model

ov_results = model(image_uri, device=device.value, retina_masks=True, imgsz=640, conf=0.6, iou=0.9)

image 1/1 /opt/home/k8sworker/ci-ai/cibuilds/ov-notebook/OVNotebookOps-632/.workspace/scm/ov-notebook/notebooks/261-fast-segment-anything/coco_bike.jpg: 480x640 33 objects, 299.4ms

Speed: 2.4ms preprocess, 299.4ms inference, 25.3ms postprocess per image at shape (1, 3, 480, 640)

One can observe the converted model outputs in the next cell, they is the same as of the original model.

Image.fromarray(ov_results[0].plot()[..., ::-1])

../_images/261-fast-segment-anything-with-output_21_0.png

Optimize the model using NNCF Post-training Quantization API¶

NNCF provides a suite of advanced algorithms for Neural Networks inference optimization in OpenVINO with minimal accuracy drop. We will use 8-bit quantization in post-training mode (without the fine-tuning pipeline) to optimize FastSAM.

The optimization process contains the following steps:

Create a Dataset for quantization.
Run nncf.quantize to obtain a quantized model.
Save the INT8 model using openvino.save_model() function.

do_quantize = widgets.Checkbox(
    value=True,
    description='Quantization',
    disabled=False,
)

do_quantize

Checkbox(value=True, description='Quantization')

The nncf.quantize function provides an interface for model quantization. It requires an instance of the OpenVINO Model and quantization dataset. Optionally, some additional parameters for the configuration quantization process (number of samples for quantization, preset, ignored scope, etc.) can be provided. YOLOv8 model backing FastSAM contains non-ReLU activation functions, which require asymmetric quantization of activations. To achieve a better result, we will use a mixed quantization preset. It provides symmetric quantization of weights and asymmetric quantization of activations. For more accurate results, we should keep the operation in the postprocessing subgraph in floating point precision, using the ignored_scope parameter.

The quantization algorithm is based on The YOLOv8 quantization example in the NNCF repo, refer there for more details. Moreover, you can check out other quantization tutorials in the OV notebooks repo.

Note: Model post-training quantization is time-consuming process. Be patient, it can take several minutes depending on your hardware.

%%skip not $do_quantize.value

import pickle
from contextlib import contextmanager
from zipfile import ZipFile

import cv2
from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm

import nncf


COLLECT_CALIBRATION_DATA = False
calibration_data = []

@contextmanager
def calibration_data_collection():
    global COLLECT_CALIBRATION_DATA
    try:
        COLLECT_CALIBRATION_DATA = True
        yield
    finally:
        COLLECT_CALIBRATION_DATA = False


class NNCFWrapper:
    def __init__(self, ov_model, stride=32) -> None:
        self.model = core.read_model(ov_model)
        self.compiled_model = core.compile_model(self.model, device_name="CPU")

        self.stride = stride
        self.pt = True
        self.fp16 = False
        self.names = {0: "object"}

    def __call__(self, im, **_):
        if COLLECT_CALIBRATION_DATA:
            calibration_data.append(im)

        result = self.compiled_model(im)
        return torch.from_numpy(result[0]), torch.from_numpy(result[1])

# Fetch data from the web and descibe a dataloader
DATA_URL = "https://ultralytics.com/assets/coco128.zip"
OUT_DIR = Path('.')

download_file(DATA_URL, directory=OUT_DIR, show_progress=True)

if not (OUT_DIR / "coco128/images/train2017").exists():
    with ZipFile('coco128.zip', "r") as zip_ref:
        zip_ref.extractall(OUT_DIR)

class COCOLoader(torch.utils.data.Dataset):
    def __init__(self, images_path):
        self.images = list(Path(images_path).iterdir())

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        if isinstance(index, slice):
            return [self.read_image(image_path) for image_path in self.images[index]]
        return self.read_image(self.images[index])

    def read_image(self, image_path):
        image = cv2.imread(str(image_path))
        image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
        return image

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.images)


def collect_calibration_data_for_decoder(model, calibration_dataset_size: int,
                                         calibration_cache_path: Path):
    global calibration_data


    if not calibration_cache_path.exists():
        coco_dataset = COCOLoader(OUT_DIR / 'coco128/images/train2017')
        with calibration_data_collection():
            for image in tqdm(coco_dataset[:calibration_dataset_size], desc="Collecting calibration data"):
                model(image, retina_masks=True, imgsz=640, conf=0.6, iou=0.9, verbose=False)
        calibration_cache_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        with open(calibration_cache_path, "wb") as f:
            pickle.dump(calibration_data, f)
    else:
        with open(calibration_cache_path, "rb") as f:
            calibration_data = pickle.load(f)

    return calibration_data


def quantize(model, save_model_path: Path, calibration_cache_path: Path,
             calibration_dataset_size: int, preset: nncf.QuantizationPreset):
    calibration_data = collect_calibration_data_for_decoder(
        model, calibration_dataset_size, calibration_cache_path)
    quantized_ov_decoder = nncf.quantize(
        model.predictor.model.model,
        calibration_dataset=nncf.Dataset(calibration_data),
        preset=preset,
        subset_size=len(calibration_data),
        fast_bias_correction=True,
        ignored_scope=nncf.IgnoredScope(
            types=["Multiply", "Subtract", "Sigmoid"],  # ignore operations
            names=[
                "/model.22/dfl/conv/Conv",  # in the post-processing subgraph
                "/model.22/Add",
                "/model.22/Add_1",
                "/model.22/Add_2",
                "/model.22/Add_3",
                "/model.22/Add_4",
                "/model.22/Add_5",
                "/model.22/Add_6",
                "/model.22/Add_7",
                "/model.22/Add_8",
                "/model.22/Add_9",
                "/model.22/Add_10",
            ],
        )
    )
    ov.save_model(quantized_ov_decoder, save_model_path)

wrapped_model = NNCFWrapper(ov_model_path, stride=model.predictor.model.stride)
model.predictor.model = wrapped_model

calibration_dataset_size = 128
quantized_model_path = Path(f"{model_name}_quantized") / "FastSAM-x.xml"
calibration_cache_path = Path(f"calibration_data/coco{calibration_dataset_size}.pkl")
if not quantized_model_path.exists():
    quantize(model, quantized_model_path, calibration_cache_path,
             calibration_dataset_size=calibration_dataset_size,
             preset=nncf.QuantizationPreset.MIXED)

INFO:nncf:NNCF initialized successfully. Supported frameworks detected: torch, tensorflow, onnx, openvino

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INFO:nncf:12 ignored nodes were found by name in the NNCFGraph

INFO:nncf:13 ignored nodes were found by types in the NNCFGraph

INFO:nncf:Not adding activation input quantizer for operation: 204 /model.22/Sigmoid

INFO:nncf:Not adding activation input quantizer for operation: 246 /model.22/dfl/conv/Conv

INFO:nncf:Not adding activation input quantizer for operation: 275 /model.22/Sub

INFO:nncf:Not adding activation input quantizer for operation: 276 /model.22/Add_10

INFO:nncf:Not adding activation input quantizer for operation: 299 /model.22/Sub_1

INFO:nncf:Not adding activation input quantizer for operation: 341 /model.22/Mul_5

Output()

/opt/home/k8sworker/ci-ai/cibuilds/ov-notebook/OVNotebookOps-632/.workspace/scm/ov-notebook/.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/nncf/experimental/tensor/tensor.py:84: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in multiply
  return Tensor(self.data * unwrap_tensor_data(other))

Output()

Compare the performance of the Original and Quantized Models¶

Finally, we iterate both the OV model and the quantized model over the calibration dataset to measure the performance.

%%skip not $do_quantize.value

import datetime

coco_dataset = COCOLoader(OUT_DIR / 'coco128/images/train2017')
calibration_dataset_size = 128

wrapped_model = OVWrapper(ov_model_path, device=device.value, stride=model.predictor.model.stride)
model.predictor.model = wrapped_model

start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
for image in tqdm(coco_dataset, desc="Measuring inference time"):
    model(image, retina_masks=True, imgsz=640, conf=0.6, iou=0.9, verbose=False)
duration_base = (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).seconds
print("Segmented in", duration_base, "seconds.")
print("Resulting in", round(calibration_dataset_size / duration_base, 2), "fps")

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Segmented in 21 seconds.
Resulting in 6.1 fps

%%skip not $do_quantize.value

quantized_wrapped_model = OVWrapper(quantized_model_path, device=device.value, stride=model.predictor.model.stride)
model.predictor.model = quantized_wrapped_model

start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
for image in tqdm(coco_dataset, desc="Measuring inference time"):
    model(image, retina_masks=True, imgsz=640, conf=0.6, iou=0.9, verbose=False)
duration_quantized = (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).seconds
print("Segmented in", duration_quantized, "seconds")
print("Resulting in", round(calibration_dataset_size / duration_quantized, 2), "fps")
print("That is", round(duration_base / duration_quantized, 2), "times faster!")

Measuring inference time:   0%|          | 0/128 [00:00<?, ?it/s]

Segmented in 11 seconds
Resulting in 11.64 fps
That is 1.91 times faster!

Try out the converted pipeline¶

The demo app below is created using Gradio package.

The app allows you to alter the model output interactively. Using the Pixel selector type switch you can place foreground/background points or bounding boxes on input image.

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def fast_process(
    annotations,
    image,
    scale,
    better_quality=False,
    mask_random_color=True,
    bbox=None,
    use_retina=True,
    with_contours=True,
):

    original_h = image.height
    original_w = image.width

    if better_quality:
        for i, mask in enumerate(annotations):
            mask = cv2.morphologyEx(mask.astype(np.uint8), cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8))
            annotations[i] = cv2.morphologyEx(mask.astype(np.uint8), cv2.MORPH_OPEN, np.ones((8, 8), np.uint8))

    inner_mask = fast_show_mask(
        annotations,
        plt.gca(),
        random_color=mask_random_color,
        bbox=bbox,
        retinamask=use_retina,
        target_height=original_h,
        target_width=original_w,
    )

    if with_contours:
        contour_all = []
        temp = np.zeros((original_h, original_w, 1))
        for i, mask in enumerate(annotations):
            annotation = mask.astype(np.uint8)
            if not use_retina:
                annotation = cv2.resize(
                    annotation,
                    (original_w, original_h),
                    interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
                )
            contours, _ = cv2.findContours(annotation, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
            for contour in contours:
                contour_all.append(contour)
        cv2.drawContours(temp, contour_all, -1, (255, 255, 255), 2 // scale)
        color = np.array([0 / 255, 0 / 255, 255 / 255, 0.9])
        contour_mask = temp / 255 * color.reshape(1, 1, -1)

    image = image.convert("RGBA")
    overlay_inner = Image.fromarray((inner_mask * 255).astype(np.uint8), "RGBA")
    image.paste(overlay_inner, (0, 0), overlay_inner)

    if with_contours:
        overlay_contour = Image.fromarray((contour_mask * 255).astype(np.uint8), "RGBA")
        image.paste(overlay_contour, (0, 0), overlay_contour)

    return image


# CPU post process
def fast_show_mask(
    annotation,
    ax,
    random_color=False,
    bbox=None,
    retinamask=True,
    target_height=960,
    target_width=960,
):
    mask_sum = annotation.shape[0]
    height = annotation.shape[1]
    weight = annotation.shape[2]
    #
    areas = np.sum(annotation, axis=(1, 2))
    sorted_indices = np.argsort(areas)[::1]
    annotation = annotation[sorted_indices]

    index = (annotation != 0).argmax(axis=0)
    if random_color:
        color = np.random.random((mask_sum, 1, 1, 3))
    else:
        color = np.ones((mask_sum, 1, 1, 3)) * np.array([30 / 255, 144 / 255, 255 / 255])
    transparency = np.ones((mask_sum, 1, 1, 1)) * 0.6
    visual = np.concatenate([color, transparency], axis=-1)
    mask_image = np.expand_dims(annotation, -1) * visual

    mask = np.zeros((height, weight, 4))

    h_indices, w_indices = np.meshgrid(np.arange(height), np.arange(weight), indexing="ij")
    indices = (index[h_indices, w_indices], h_indices, w_indices, slice(None))

    mask[h_indices, w_indices, :] = mask_image[indices]
    if bbox is not None:
        x1, y1, x2, y2 = bbox
        ax.add_patch(plt.Rectangle((x1, y1), x2 - x1, y2 - y1, fill=False, edgecolor="b", linewidth=1))

    if not retinamask:
        mask = cv2.resize(mask, (target_width, target_height), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)

    return mask

import gradio as gr

examples = [[image_uri], ["https://storage.openvinotoolkit.org/repositories/openvino_notebooks/data/data/image/empty_road_mapillary.jpg"],
            ["https://storage.openvinotoolkit.org/repositories/openvino_notebooks/data/data/image/wall.jpg"]]

object_points = []
background_points = []
bbox_points = []
last_image = examples[0][0]

This is the main callback function that is called to segment an image based on user input.

def segment(
        image,
        model_type,
        input_size=1024,
        iou_threshold=0.75,
        conf_threshold=0.4,
        better_quality=True,
        with_contours=True,
        use_retina=True,
        mask_random_color=True,
):
    if do_quantize.value and model_type == 'Quantized model':
        model.predictor.model = quantized_wrapped_model
    else:
        model.predictor.model = wrapped_model

    input_size = int(input_size)
    w, h = image.size
    scale = input_size / max(w, h)
    new_w = int(w * scale)
    new_h = int(h * scale)
    image = image.resize((new_w, new_h))

    results = model(image,
                    device=device.value,
                    retina_masks=use_retina,
                    iou=iou_threshold,
                    conf=conf_threshold,
                    imgsz=input_size,)

    masks = results[0].masks.data
    # Calculate annotations
    if not (object_points or bbox_points):
        annotations = masks.cpu().numpy()
    else:
        annotations = []

    if object_points:
        all_points = object_points + background_points
        labels = [1] * len(object_points) + [0] * len(background_points)
        scaled_points = [[int(x * scale) for x in point] for point in all_points]
        h, w = masks[0].shape[:2]
        assert max(h, w) == input_size
        onemask = np.zeros((h, w))
        for mask in sorted(masks, key=lambda x: x.sum(), reverse=True):
            mask_np = (mask == 1.0).cpu().numpy()
            for point, label in zip(scaled_points, labels):
                if mask_np[point[1], point[0]] == 1 and label == 1:
                    onemask[mask_np] = 1
                if mask_np[point[1], point[0]] == 1 and label == 0:
                    onemask[mask_np] = 0
        annotations.append(onemask >= 1)
    if len(bbox_points) >= 2:
        scaled_bbox_points = []
        for i, point in enumerate(bbox_points):
            x, y = int(point[0] * scale), int(point[1] * scale)
            x = max(min(x, new_w), 0)
            y = max(min(y, new_h), 0)
            scaled_bbox_points.append((x, y))

        for i in range(0, len(scaled_bbox_points) - 1, 2):
            x0, y0, x1, y1 = *scaled_bbox_points[i], *scaled_bbox_points[i + 1]

            intersection_area = torch.sum(masks[:, y0:y1, x0:x1], dim=(1, 2))
            masks_area = torch.sum(masks, dim=(1, 2))
            bbox_area = (y1 - y0) * (x1 - x0)

            union = bbox_area + masks_area - intersection_area
            iou = intersection_area / union
            max_iou_index = torch.argmax(iou)

            annotations.append(masks[max_iou_index].cpu().numpy())

    return fast_process(
        annotations=np.array(annotations),
        image=image,
        scale=(1024 // input_size),
        better_quality=better_quality,
        mask_random_color=mask_random_color,
        bbox=None,
        use_retina=use_retina,
        with_contours=with_contours
    )

def select_point(img: Image.Image, point_type: str, evt: gr.SelectData) -> Image.Image:
    """Gradio select callback."""
    img = img.convert("RGBA")
    x, y = evt.index[0], evt.index[1]
    point_radius = np.round(max(img.size) / 100)
    if point_type == "Object point":
        object_points.append((x, y))
        color = (30, 255, 30, 200)
    elif point_type == "Background point":
        background_points.append((x, y))
        color = (255, 30, 30, 200)
    elif point_type == "Bounding Box":
        bbox_points.append((x, y))
        color = (10, 10, 255, 255)
        if len(bbox_points) % 2 == 0:
            # Draw a rectangle if number of points is even
            new_img = Image.new("RGBA", img.size, (255, 255, 255, 0))
            _draw = ImageDraw.Draw(new_img)
            x0, y0, x1, y1 = *bbox_points[-2], *bbox_points[-1]
            x0, x1 = sorted([x0, x1])
            y0, y1 = sorted([y0, y1])
            # Save sorted order
            bbox_points[-2] = (x0, y0)
            bbox_points[-1] = (x1, y1)
            _draw.rectangle((x0, y0, x1, y1), fill=(*color[:-1], 90))
            img = Image.alpha_composite(img, new_img)
    # Draw a point
    ImageDraw.Draw(img).ellipse(
        [(x - point_radius, y - point_radius), (x + point_radius, y + point_radius)],
        fill=color
    )
    return img

def clear_points() -> (Image.Image, None):
    """Gradio clear points callback."""
    global object_points, background_points, bbox_points
    # global object_points; global background_points; global bbox_points
    object_points = []
    background_points = []
    bbox_points = []
    return last_image, None

def save_last_picked_image(img: Image.Image) -> None:
    """Gradio callback saves the last used image."""
    global last_image
    last_image = img
    # If we change the input image
    # we should clear all the previous points
    clear_points()
    # Removes the segmentation map output
    return None

with gr.Blocks(title="Fast SAM") as demo:
    with gr.Row(variant="panel"):
        original_img = gr.Image(label="Input", value=examples[0][0], type="pil")
        segmented_img = gr.Image(label="Segmentation Map", type="pil")
    with gr.Row():
        point_type = gr.Radio(
            ["Object point", "Background point", "Bounding Box"],
            value="Object point", label="Pixel selector type"
        )
        model_type = gr.Radio(
            ["FP32 model", "Quantized model"] if do_quantize.value else ["FP32 model"],
            value="FP32 model", label="Select model variant"
        )
    with gr.Row(variant="panel"):
        segment_button = gr.Button("Segment", variant="primary")
        clear_button = gr.Button("Clear points", variant="secondary")
    gr.Examples(examples, inputs=original_img,
                fn=save_last_picked_image, run_on_click=True, outputs=segmented_img
    )

    # Callbacks
    original_img.select(select_point,
                        inputs=[original_img, point_type],
                        outputs=original_img)
    original_img.upload(save_last_picked_image, inputs=original_img, outputs=segmented_img)
    clear_button.click(clear_points, outputs=[original_img, segmented_img])
    segment_button.click(segment, inputs=[original_img, model_type], outputs=segmented_img)

try:
    demo.queue().launch(debug=False)
except Exception:
    demo.queue().launch(share=True, debug=False)

# If you are launching remotely, specify server_name and server_port
# EXAMPLE: `demo.launch(server_name="your server name", server_port="server port in int")`
# To learn more please refer to the Gradio docs: https://gradio.app/docs/

Running on local URL:  http://127.0.0.1:7860

To create a public link, set share=True in launch().