Quantize Speech Recognition Models with accuracy control using NNCF PTQ API

This tutorial is also available as a Jupyter notebook that can be cloned directly from GitHub. See the installation guide for instructions to run this tutorial locally on Windows, Linux or macOS.

This tutorial demonstrates how to apply INT8 quantization with accuracy control to the speech recognition model, known as Wav2Vec2, using the NNCF (Neural Network Compression Framework) 8-bit quantization with accuracy control in post-training mode (without the fine-tuning pipeline). This notebook uses a fine-tuned Wav2Vec2-Base-960h PyTorch model trained on the LibriSpeech ASR corpus. The tutorial is designed to be extendable to custom models and datasets. It consists of the following steps:

• Download and prepare the Wav2Vec2 model and LibriSpeech dataset.

• Define data loading and accuracy validation functionality.

• Model quantization with accuracy control.

• Compare Accuracy of original PyTorch model, OpenVINO FP16 and INT8 models.

• Compare performance of the original and quantized models.

The advanced quantization flow allows to apply 8-bit quantization to the model with control of accuracy metric. This is achieved by keeping the most impactful operations within the model in the original precision. The flow is based on the Basic 8-bit quantization and has the following differences:

• Besides the calibration dataset, a validation dataset is required to compute the accuracy metric. Both datasets can refer to the same data in the simplest case.

• Validation function, used to compute accuracy metric is required. It can be a function that is already available in the source framework or a custom function.

• Since accuracy validation is run several times during the quantization process, quantization with accuracy control can take more time than the Basic 8-bit quantization flow.

• The resulted model can provide smaller performance improvement than the Basic 8-bit quantization flow because some of the operations are kept in the original precision.

Note

Currently, 8-bit quantization with accuracy control in NNCF is available only for models in OpenVINO representation.

The steps for the quantization with accuracy control are described below.

Table of contents:

• Imports

• Prepare the Model

• Prepare LibriSpeech Dataset

• Prepare calibration and validation datasets

• Prepare validation function

• Run quantization with accuracy control

• Model Usage Example

• Compare Accuracy of the Original and Quantized Models

# !pip install -q "openvino-dev>=2023.1.0" "nncf>=2.6.0"
!pip install -q "openvino==2023.1.0.dev20230811"
!pip install git+https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/nncf.git@develop
!pip install -q soundfile librosa transformers torch datasets torchmetrics

Imports ⇑

import numpy as np
import torch

from transformers import Wav2Vec2ForCTC, Wav2Vec2Processor

Prepare the Model ⇑

For instantiating PyTorch model class, we should use Wav2Vec2ForCTC.from_pretrained method with providing model ID for downloading from HuggingFace hub. Model weights and configuration files will be downloaded automatically in first time usage. Keep in mind that downloading the files can take several minutes and depends on your internet connection.

Additionally, we can create processor class which is responsible for model specific pre- and post-processing steps.

BATCH_SIZE = 1
MAX_SEQ_LENGTH = 30480


torch_model = Wav2Vec2ForCTC.from_pretrained("facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h", ctc_loss_reduction="mean")
processor = Wav2Vec2Processor.from_pretrained("facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h")

Convert it to the OpenVINO Intermediate Representation (OpenVINO IR)

import openvino


default_input = torch.zeros([1, MAX_SEQ_LENGTH], dtype=torch.float)
ov_model = openvino.convert_model(torch_model, example_input=default_input)

Prepare LibriSpeech Dataset ⇑

For demonstration purposes, we will use short dummy version of LibriSpeech dataset - patrickvonplaten/librispeech_asr_dummy to speed up model evaluation. Model accuracy can be different from reported in the paper. For reproducing original accuracy, use librispeech_asr dataset.

from datasets import load_dataset


dataset = load_dataset("patrickvonplaten/librispeech_asr_dummy", "clean", split="validation")
test_sample = dataset[0]["audio"]


# define preprocessing function for converting audio to input values for model
def map_to_input(batch):
    preprocessed_signal = processor(batch["audio"]["array"], return_tensors="pt", padding="longest", sampling_rate=batch['audio']['sampling_rate'])
    input_values = preprocessed_signal.input_values
    batch['input_values'] = input_values
    return batch


# apply preprocessing function to dataset and remove audio column, to save memory as we do not need it anymore
dataset = dataset.map(map_to_input, batched=False, remove_columns=["audio"])

Prepare calibration dataset ⇑

import nncf


def transform_fn(data_item):
    """
    Extract the model's input from the data item.
    The data item here is the data item that is returned from the data source per iteration.
    This function should be passed when the data item cannot be used as model's input.
    """
    return np.array(data_item["input_values"])


calibration_dataset = nncf.Dataset(dataset, transform_fn)

Prepare validation function ⇑

Define the validation function.

from torchmetrics import WordErrorRate
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm


def validation_fn(model, dataset):
    """
    Calculate and returns a metric for the model.
    """
    wer = WordErrorRate()
    for sample in tqdm(dataset):
        # run infer function on sample
        output = model.output(0)
        logits = model(np.array(sample['input_values']))[output]
        predicted_ids = np.argmax(logits, axis=-1)
        transcription = processor.batch_decode(torch.from_numpy(predicted_ids))

        # update metric on sample result
        wer.update(transcription, [sample['text']])

    result = wer.compute()

    return 1 - result

Run quantization with accuracy control ⇑

You should provide the calibration dataset and the validation dataset. It can be the same dataset. - parameter max_drop defines the accuracy drop threshold. The quantization process stops when the degradation of accuracy metric on the validation dataset is less than the max_drop. The default value is 0.01. NNCF will stop the quantization and report an error if the max_drop value can’t be reached. - drop_type defines how the accuracy drop will be calculated: ABSOLUTE (used by default) or RELATIVE. - ranking_subset_size - size of a subset that is used to rank layers by their contribution to the accuracy drop. Default value is 300, and the more samples it has the better ranking, potentially. Here we use the value 25 to speed up the execution.

Note

Execution can take tens of minutes and requires up to 10 GB of free memory

from nncf.quantization.advanced_parameters import AdvancedAccuracyRestorerParameters
from nncf.parameters import ModelType

quantized_model = nncf.quantize_with_accuracy_control(
    ov_model,
    calibration_dataset=calibration_dataset,
    validation_dataset=calibration_dataset,
    validation_fn=validation_fn,
    max_drop=0.01,
    drop_type=nncf.DropType.ABSOLUTE,
    model_type=ModelType.TRANSFORMER,
    advanced_accuracy_restorer_parameters=AdvancedAccuracyRestorerParameters(
        ranking_subset_size=25
    ),
)

Model Usage Example ⇑

import IPython.display as ipd


ipd.Audio(test_sample["array"], rate=16000)

core = openvino.Core()

compiled_quantized_model = core.compile_model(model=quantized_model, device_name='CPU')

input_data = np.expand_dims(test_sample["array"], axis=0)

Next, make a prediction.

predictions = compiled_quantized_model([input_data])[0]
predicted_ids = np.argmax(predictions, axis=-1)
transcription = processor.batch_decode(torch.from_numpy(predicted_ids))
transcription

Compare Accuracy of the Original and Quantized Models ⇑

• Define dataloader for test dataset.

• Define functions to get inference for PyTorch and OpenVINO models.

• Define functions to compute Word Error Rate.

# inference function for pytorch
def torch_infer(model, sample):
    logits = model(torch.Tensor(sample['input_values'])).logits
    # take argmax and decode
    predicted_ids = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1)
    transcription = processor.batch_decode(predicted_ids)
    return transcription


# inference function for openvino
def ov_infer(model, sample):
    output = model.output(0)
    logits = model(np.array(sample['input_values']))[output]
    predicted_ids = np.argmax(logits, axis=-1)
    transcription = processor.batch_decode(torch.from_numpy(predicted_ids))
    return transcription


def compute_wer(dataset, model, infer_fn):
    wer = WordErrorRate()
    for sample in tqdm(dataset):
        # run infer function on sample
        transcription = infer_fn(model, sample)
        # update metric on sample result
        wer.update(transcription, [sample['text']])
    # finalize metric calculation
    result = wer.compute()
    return result

Now, compute WER for the original PyTorch model and quantized model.

pt_result = compute_wer(dataset, torch_model, torch_infer)
quantized_result = compute_wer(dataset, compiled_quantized_model, ov_infer)

print(f'[PyTorch]   Word Error Rate: {pt_result:.4f}')
print(f'[Quantized OpenVino]  Word Error Rate: {quantized_result:.4f}')