BinaryConvolution#
Versioned name: BinaryConvolution-1
Category: Convolution
Short description: Computes 2D convolution of binary input and binary kernel tensors.
Detailed description: The operation behaves as regular Convolution but uses specialized algorithm for computations on binary data. More thorough explanation can be found in Understanding Binary Neural Networks and Bitwise Neural Networks.
Computation algorithm for mode xnor-popcount:
X = XNOR(input_patch, filter)
, where XNOR is bitwise operation on two bit streamsP = popcount(X)
, where popcount is the number of1
bits in theX
bit streamOutput = 2 * P - B
, whereB
is the total number of bits in theP
bit stream
Attributes:
strides
Description: strides is a distance (in pixels) to slide the filter on the feature map over the
(y, x)
axes for 2D convolutions. For example, strides equal2,1
means sliding the filter 2 pixel at a time over height dimension and 1 over width dimension.Range of values: integer values starting from 0
Type: int[]
Required: yes
pads_begin
Description: pads_begin is a number of pixels to add to the beginning along each axis. For example, pads_begin equal
1,2
means adding 1 pixel to the top of the input and 2 to the left of the input.Range of values: integer values starting from 0
Type: int[]
Required: yes
Note: the attribute is ignored when auto_pad attribute is specified.
pads_end
Description: pads_end is a number of pixels to add to the ending along each axis. For example, pads_end equal
1,2
means adding 1 pixel to the bottom of the input and 2 to the right of the input.Range of values: integer values starting from 0
Type: int[]
Required: yes
Note: the attribute is ignored when auto_pad attribute is specified.
dilations
Description: dilations denotes the distance in width and height between elements (weights) in the filter. For example, dilation equal
1,1
means that all the elements in the filter are neighbors, so it is the same as for the usual convolution. dilation equal2,2
means that all the elements in the filter are matched not to adjacent elements in the input matrix, but to those that are adjacent with distance 1.Range of values: integer value starting from 0
Type: int[]
Required: yes
mode
Description: mode defines how input tensor
0/1
values and weights0/1
are interpreted as real numbers and how the result is computed.Range of values:
xnor-popcount
Type:
string
Required: yes
Note: value
0
in inputs is interpreted as-1
, value1
as1
pad_value
Description: pad_value is a floating-point value used to fill pad area.
Range of values: a floating-point number
Type:
float
Required: yes
auto_pad
Description: auto_pad how the padding is calculated. Possible values:
explicit - use explicit padding values from pads_begin and pads_end.
same_upper - the input is padded to match the output size. In case of odd padding value an extra padding is added at the end.
same_lower - the input is padded to match the output size. In case of odd padding value an extra padding is added at the beginning.
valid - do not use padding.
Type: string
Default value: explicit
Required: no
Note: pads_begin and pads_end attributes are ignored when auto_pad is specified.
Inputs:
1: Input tensor of type T1 and rank 4. Layout is
[N, C_IN, Y, X]
(number of batches, number of channels, spatial axes Y, X). Required.2: Kernel tensor of type T2 and rank 4. Layout is
[C_OUT, C_IN, Y, X]
(number of output channels, number of input channels, spatial axes Y, X). Required.Note: Interpretation of tensor values is defined by mode attribute.
Outputs:
1: Output tensor of type T3 and rank 4. Layout is
[N, C_OUT, Y, X]
(number of batches, number of kernel output channels, spatial axes Y, X).
Types:
T1: any numeric type with values
0
or1
.T2:
u1
type with binary values0
or1
.T3: T1 type with full range of values.
Example:
2D Convolution
<layer type="BinaryConvolution" ...>
<data dilations="1,1" pads_begin="2,2" pads_end="2,2" strides="1,1" mode="xnor-popcount" pad_value="0" auto_pad="explicit"/>
<input>
<port id="0">
<dim>1</dim>
<dim>3</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
</port>
<port id="1">
<dim>64</dim>
<dim>3</dim>
<dim>5</dim>
<dim>5</dim>
</port>
</input>
<output>
<port id="2" precision="FP32">
<dim>1</dim>
<dim>64</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
</port>
</output>
</layer>