# BatchNormInference¶

Versioned name : BatchNormInference-1

Category : Normalization

Short description : BatchNormInference performs Batch Normalization operation described in the Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift article.

Detailed Description

BatchNormInference performs the following operations on a given data batch input tensor data :

• Normalizes each activation $$x^{(k)}$$ by the mean and variance.

$\hat{x}^{(k)}=\frac{x^{(k)} - E[x^{(k)}]}{\sqrt{Var(x^{(k)}) + \epsilon}}$

where $$E[x^{(k)}]$$ and $$Var(x^{(k)})$$ are the mean and variance, calculated per channel axis of data input, and correspond to mean and variance inputs, respectively. Additionally, $$\epsilon$$ is a value added to the variance for numerical stability and corresponds to epsilon attribute.

• Performs linear transformation of each normalized activation based on gamma and beta input, representing the scaling factor and shift, respectively.

$\hat{y}^{(k)}=\gamma^{(k)}\hat{x}^{(k)} + \beta^{(k)}$

where $$\gamma^{(k)}$$ and $$\beta^{(k)}$$ are learnable parameters, calculated per channel axis, and correspond to gamma and beta inputs.

Mathematical Formulation

Let x be a d -dimensional input, $$x=(x_{1}\dotsc x_{d})$$. Since normalization is applied to each activation $$E[x^{(k)}]$$, you can focus on a particular activation and omit k.

For a particular activation, consider a mini-batch $$\mathcal{B}$$ of m values. BatchNormInference performs Batch Normalization algorithm as follows:

• Input : Values of $$x$$ over a mini-batch:

$\mathcal{B} = \{ x_{1...m} \}$
• Parameters to learn : $$\gamma, \beta$$

• Output :

$\{ o_{i} = BN_{\gamma, \beta} ( b_{i} ) \}$
• Mini-batch mean :

$\mu_{\mathcal{B}} \leftarrow \frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}b_{i}$
• Mini-batch variance :

$\sigma_{\mathcal{B}}^{2}\leftarrow \frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m} ( b_{i} - \mu_{\mathcal{B}})^{2}$
• Normalize :

$\hat{b_{i}} \leftarrow \frac{b_{i} - \mu_{\mathcal{B}}}{\sqrt{\sigma_{\mathcal{B}}^{2} + \epsilon }}$
• Scale and shift :

$o_{i} \leftarrow \gamma\hat{b_{i}} + \beta = BN_{\gamma ,\beta } ( b_{i} )$

Attributes :

• epsilon

• Description : epsilon is a constant added to the variance for numerical stability.

• Range of values : a floating-point number greater than or equal to zero

• Type : float

• Required : yes

Inputs

• 1 : data - A tensor of type T and at least rank 2. The second dimension represents the channel axis and must have a span of at least 1. Required.

• 2 : gamma - Scaling factor for normalized value. A 1D tensor of type T with the same span as data channel axis. Required.

• 3 : beta - Bias added to the scaled normalized value. A 1D tensor of type T with the same span as data channel axis. Required.

• 4 : mean - Value for mean normalization. A 1D tensor of type T with the same span as data channel axis. Required.

• 5 : variance - Value for variance normalization. A 1D tensor of type T with the same span as data channel axis. Required.

Outputs

• 1 : The result of element-wise Batch Normalization operation applied to the input tensor data. A tensor of type T and the same shape as data input tensor.

Types

• T : any supported floating-point type.

Examples

Example: 2D input tensor data

<layer ... type="BatchNormInference" ...>
<data epsilon="9.99e-06" />
<input>
<port id="0">  <!-- input -->
<dim>10</dim>
<dim>128</dim>
</port>
<port id="1">  <!-- gamma -->
<dim>128</dim>
</port>
<port id="2">  <!-- beta -->
<dim>128</dim>
</port>
<port id="3">  <!-- mean -->
<dim>128</dim>
</port>
<port id="4">  <!-- variance -->
<dim>128</dim>
</port>
</input>
<output>
<port id="5">
<dim>10</dim>
<dim>128</dim>
</port>
</output>
</layer>

Example: 4D input tensor data

<layer ... type="BatchNormInference" ...>
<data epsilon="9.99e-06" />
<input>
<port id="0">  <!-- input -->
<dim>1</dim>
<dim>3</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
</port>
<port id="1">  <!-- gamma -->
<dim>3</dim>
</port>
<port id="2">  <!-- beta -->
<dim>3</dim>
</port>
<port id="3">  <!-- mean -->
<dim>3</dim>
</port>
<port id="4">  <!-- variance -->
<dim>3</dim>
</port>
</input>
<output>
<port id="5">
<dim>1</dim>
<dim>3</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
<dim>224</dim>
</port>
</output>
</layer>